William Wesley Reser, Brittany Axworthy Reser, and Jared Edward Reser Abstract Psychopathy and antisocial personality traits are usually understood as harmful deviations from normal social functioning, or as selfish strategies by which individuals exploit cooperative groups. Existing evolutionary accounts have interpreted psychopathy as a frequency-dependent cheating strategy, a hawkish aggression strategy, or a fast life-history…

1. Introduction and Scope Nonsyndromic intellectual disability is not a single disorder. It is a descriptive category applied when intellectual disability is present without a recognizable syndrome, without a consistent pattern of dysmorphic features or congenital anomalies, and without a known chromosomal, metabolic, toxic, infectious, traumatic, or neurological cause. It is therefore a heterogeneous category.…

Introduction: From Disorder to Developmental Morph Human neurodevelopmental syndromes are usually described as disorders, and in modern clinical terms that description is often appropriate. Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Rett syndrome, and autism-related conditions can involve disability, medical vulnerability, dependency, suffering, and substantial support needs. Nothing in an evolutionary…

Abstract In 2011, I proposed the solitary forager hypothesis of autism, arguing that some traits associated with the autism spectrum may have reflected adaptive variation in ancestral social ecology. This hypothesis should now be reformulated in light of modern autism genetics. Autism is not a single evolved adaptation, nor is it a unitary biological condition.…

Superconsciousness as a Design Goal for Successor Intelligence Jared Edward Reser & Claude Opus 4.6 I. Introduction Humanity is fragile. A sufficiently lethal and contagious pathogen, a large asteroid impact, a nuclear exchange, or an AI system whose goals diverge catastrophically from our own could end human life within years or even days. These are…

Jared Edward Reser Ph.D. Abstract Chronic muscle hypertonicity and its downstream sequelae, including adaptive shortening, myofascial contracture, reduced range of motion, postural collapse, and diminished movement variability, are conventionally framed as pathological or degenerative phenomena. This article proposes an alternative interpretation: that these effects, considered in aggregate rather than individually, may constitute an evolutionarily conserved…

I. Driving as Embodied Vigilance Driving is usually treated as a cognitive task. We talk about attention, distraction, reaction time, fatigue, situational awareness, and judgment. But driving is also a bodily state. It is a form of vigilance that recruits posture, muscle tone, and readiness throughout the body. The hands grip. The shoulders subtly rise.…

Lately I have been spending a great deal of time on my phone, on tablets, and on computers. Like many people now, I do not just use these devices for entertainment. I work on them. I think on them. I write on them. I hold them for long periods and repeat the same small hand…

I. Why the Brain Needs a System Card In artificial intelligence, model descriptions are becoming more realistic. For a while, the public conversation centered mostly on total parameter count. A model had 7 billion parameters, or 70 billion, or 1 trillion, and that headline number often stood in for its size, power, and sophistication. But…